What are cancer clinical trials?

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with cancer, you may have heard the term "clinical trial." But what exactly is a cancer clinical trial—and is it something you should explore?
Let’s break it down in simple terms.

A cancer clinical trial is a research study that tests new ways to treat, detect, or manage cancer. 
Clinical trials aren’t just about new drugs. Some trials test new combinations of treatments, new ways to deliver therapy (like pills instead of infusions), or methods to reduce side effects and improve quality of life. It’s also important to know that many trials offer treatments that are already being used—the trial might just be studying a slightly new approach or combination.

Trials help doctors and scientists determine what works best, how safe a treatment is, and whether it’s better than the current standard care.

Why do clinical trials matter?

Clinical trials are the reason we have many of today’s most effective cancer treatments. When you join a clinical trial, you’re not just helping yourself—you’re also helping future patients. You’re part of the discovery process that leads to better care and, in many cases, more hopeful outcomes.

Who can join a clinical trial?

Every clinical trial has specific eligibility criteria. These are guidelines about who can participate, often based on:

• Type or stage of cancer
• Age and overall health
• Prior treatments 

Are clinical trials safe?

This is a common and valid concern, and safety is a top priority. 

All clinical trials undergo a careful review process by an independent review board to ensure the trial is as safe as possible for participants. Clinicians monitor patients closely, and trials are designed to protect your health and well-being every step of the way.

What are the benefits of participating in a trial?

• Access to promising new treatments that aren’t widely available yet
• Close monitoring and care from top medical professionals
• The chance to contribute to cancer research and help others
• A potential treatment option when standard therapies haven't worked

Of course, there are also risks—new treatments may have unknown side effects, or they may not work for everyone. That’s why it’s important to talk with your doctor and weigh your options.

How do I find a cancer clinical trial?

Start by asking your oncologist or care team. Many hospitals and cancer centers offer clinical trials as part of their treatment options. You can also search trusted websites like:

• clinicaltrials.gov (run by the U.S. National Library of Medicine)
• cancer.gov (from the National Cancer Institute)

These sites let you search by cancer type, location, and treatment phase.

Joining a cancer clinical trial is a personal decision. For many people, it’s a way to try cutting-edge therapies. For others, it’s a chance to give back—to help doctors find better treatments for tomorrow’s patients.