Clinical trials are the engine driving major advancements in cancer care – from breakthrough therapies to better ways of managing side effects. They provide patients with cutting-edge, potentially lifesaving treatments, while enabling researchers to understand what works—and what doesn’t—in a safe and controlled setting.

Yet despite their critical role, many patients do not understand how clinical trials work, contributing to the fact that only about 7% of U.S. adults diagnosed with cancer participate in them. Misconceptions about safety, access and cost continue to discourage patients from exploring trials as a viable option. 

Let’s clear the air by debunking seven of the most persistent myths about clinical trials.

Myth #1: Clinical trials are a last resort

Trials aren’t just for patients who’ve exhausted all options. Clinical trials can be an option at any stage of cancer, including for newly diagnosed patients and those seeking alternatives to the standard of care. In fact, some trials offer access to promising therapies that may improve outcomes or quality of life.

Myth #2: Patients are used as “guinea pigs”

Clinical trials are governed by strict ethical standards. Before humans are enrolled in trials, therapies undergo extensive lab testing. Every clinical trial must be approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) and all participants must provide informed voluntary consent. Participation is never mandatory and patients are not obligated to stay in trials; they can withdraw at any time.

Myth #3: Clinical trials are too risky and dangerous

Patient safety is a top priority when it comes to designing trials. Trials are carefully monitored and regulated, with risks disclosed upfront and weighed against potential benefits. Patients are closely monitored by healthcare professionals, and often receive more frequent check-ins and oversight than they would with standard care.

Myth #4: Clinical trials only involve new drugs

Trials explore far more than pharmaceuticals. Many trials focus on other aspects of cancer, including ways to improve radiation therapy, new surgical techniques, prevention strategies or supportive care that can reduce side effects and enhance quality of life.

Myth #5: Participants are given placebos instead of real treatment

In cancer trials, placebos are rarely used alone. Most trials compare a new treatment to the current standard of care. If a placebo is involved, it’s typically paired with standard treatments and is always disclosed in the consent process.  

Myth #6: Clinical trials are only available at major academic hospitals

Access to trials is expanding. Many community hospitals and oncology practices now offer trials through research networks. Decentralized and hybrid trials also allow patients to participate from home or local clinics using telehealth and mobile services. Additionally, as part of our expert opinions, AccessHope provides clinical trial recommendations when appropriate.

Myth #7: Clinical trials aren’t covered by insurance

Under federal law, most insurance plans must cover routine patient care costs in clinical trials, including doctor visits, labs and hospital stays. The study sponsor usually covers the investigational components of the trial. Still, 18% of patients cite out-of-pocket costs as a barrier and 20% worry about insurance coverage, according to an American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) study—highlighting the need for clearer communication and financial support.

Understanding cancer clinical trials shouldn't require decoding a maze of misinformation. From assumptions about placebos and risk to outdated views on access and affordability, the truth about trials are often masked. Safety is paramount, trials are becoming increasingly accessible, and they can be incredibly valuable to both current patients and future generations.

By confronting these myths head-on, we hope to broaden participation, enhance diversity in trial populations, and move closer to personalized, equitable care. When patients and providers are equipped with the facts, clinical trials become less of a mystery – and more of a possibility.

If you or someone you love is navigating cancer care, don’t let misinformation stand in the way. Ask questions. Determine if there is a match. And be part of the future of cancer care.